KRONOS FUSION ENERGYWHITEPAPER 088 / 104
Method, Safety & Trust

Bit-Exact: Verifying Against the Prior Evaluator

When the burner's new solver replaced the old one, it first reproduced the old one exactly — then corrected it.

The burner's independent physics evaluator was validated by reproducing the prior evaluator bit-for-bit before it was trusted to correct it: a maximum relative error of 2.3 x 10^-15 across 72 values. Only then did the new solver's corrections carry weight.

The science

The new evaluator transcribed the prior model verbatim as one code path and ran it against every stored case, matching to machine precision — 2.3 x 10^-15 across 72 values including temperature, fusion power, radiation, and gain. Having proven it reproduces the old physics exactly, its independent physics (neutron budget from cross sections, synchrotron charged, Pastukhov confinement) could then be trusted where it disagreed.

Why it matters

A new model that cannot reproduce the old one is not a correction; it is a different guess. Establishing bit-exact reproduction first is what lets the burner's corrections — the neutron fraction, the directed fraction, the D-T Q_E literal — stand as genuine improvements rather than disagreements.

The numbers

Reproduction error2.3 x 10^-15 (72 values)
Methodprior model transcribed verbatim
Then addedindependent physics (cross sections, synchrotron, Pastukhov)
Correctionsneutron fraction, directed fraction, D-T literal
Standardreproduce, then correct
Straight answersThe bit-exact reproduction establishes the new evaluator's fidelity before its corrections are trusted; the discrepancies it then found were diagnosed one by one, not asserted.
Kronos is the fusion company that shows its work. Every figure here traces to the openly deposited Kronos simulation programme and design-point records (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us. — All whitepapers
Conceptual design and simulation study; no machine has been built. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates named in the text; superseded values are kept in the record with era labels. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Inc. · Los Angeles, California.
← Back to the whitepaper library