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The Fuel Cycle — Tritium & Helium-3

Helium-3: The Burner's Fuel, the Breeder's Co-Product

The scarcest input in the family is made by one member and consumed by the others.

Helium-3 sits on both sides of the family ledger: it is the fuel the burners must consume and the co-product the breeder quietly makes. Understanding the fuel cycle means understanding that one machine's output is another's input.

The science

The burners run on a D-3He mix and consume helium-3 at commercial scale (28-54 kg/yr per unit). Hyperion produces helium-3 two ways: as the decay product of the tritium it breeds, and as a direct D-D breeding channel in the plasma. The breeder's decade of production is what seeds the helium-3 the burners will need.

Why it matters

This coupling is the strategic core of the programme. It means the burners' fuel dependency is not purely external — part of it is manufactured in-house by the breeder — while the remainder is stated honestly as a supply bet. The cycle turns a weakness into a sequence.

The numbers

Helium-3 role (burners)fuel (consumed)
Helium-3 role (breeder)co-product (made)
Breeder sourcestritium decay + D-D breeding
Linkbreeder output seeds burner input
Remainderexternal supply, stated as a bet
Straight answersThe in-house helium-3 stream is carried as upside under a price-endogeneity rule, not banked into the base case; the burners' full fuel need still depends on external supply, which the programme states plainly.
Kronos is the fusion company that shows its work. Every figure here traces to the openly deposited Kronos simulation programme and design-point records (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us. — All whitepapers
Conceptual design and simulation study; no machine has been built. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates named in the text; superseded values are kept in the record with era labels. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Inc. · Los Angeles, California.
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