KRONOS FUSION ENERGYWHITEPAPER 069 / 104
Direct Energy Conversion & Power Handling

Recirculating Power: What the Plug Costs the Plant

The burner spends a large fraction of its own output keeping the plug alive — and that spend is the ledger's crux.

The burner's engineering gain is what survives after the plant pays to sustain its own plug and drive its own plasma. At the reference point that recirculating fraction is 158% — the plant circulates more power internally than it nets — which is exactly why Q_E sits at 0.63.

The science

Auxiliary heating power of 195 MW sustains the reference plasma, split between ions and electrons, against a directed output that only partly funds it. The recirculating fraction of 158% is the gap the plug ratio must close: raising the plug density ratio deepens the confining potential, cuts the auxiliary power required, and drives the recirculating fraction down toward closure.

Why it matters

The recirculating power is where closure is won or lost. Publishing it — rather than a bare gain number — shows precisely how much the plant spends on itself and how much the binding plug requirement has to recover. It makes the closure gate quantitative.

The numbers

Auxiliary heating power195.4 MW (reference)
Recirculating fraction158%
Engineering gain Q_E0.632
Closed byraising plug density ratio
Split68.3 MW ions / 127.1 MW electrons
Straight answersThe recirculating fraction is above 100% at the reference point — an honest statement that the baseline is an experiment, not a power plant. The plug density ratio is the parameter that drives it toward closure.
Kronos is the fusion company that shows its work. Every figure here traces to the openly deposited Kronos simulation programme and design-point records (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us. — All whitepapers
Conceptual design and simulation study; no machine has been built. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates named in the text; superseded values are kept in the record with era labels. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Inc. · Los Angeles, California.
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