KRONOS FUSION ENERGYWHITEPAPER 063 / 104
Direct Energy Conversion & Power Handling

Handling the Heat: 3.7 MW/m2 on the End Wall

The burner's exhaust has to land somewhere — and where it lands is engineered to survive it.

The burner's axial power loss — about 906 MW over two apertures, some 195 MW/m² at the throat — is far too concentrated to collect directly. The end-expander spreads it 53-fold to roughly 3.7 MW/m² on the end wall. Sizing that surface to survive the heat flux is as much a part of the design as the plasma itself.

The science

The 906 MW axial loss arrives across two apertures at about 195 MW/m² — unhandleable as is. A 53x field expansion (26.49 T to 0.5 T) drops it to about 3.7 MW/m², a flux the collecting surfaces can take continuously. The end-wall load follows from the axial power and the expansion ratio together, both carried in the frozen record (B30).

Why it matters

Power handling is where many fusion concepts quietly fail; a converter that cannot survive its own input is not a converter. Publishing the axial power, the aperture flux, and the post-expansion end-wall load makes the heat-handling problem explicit and sizable, not hidden.

The numbers

Axial power loss~906 MW (two apertures)
Aperture flux~195 MW/m²
Expansion53x (26.49 T -> 0.5 T)
End-wall load~3.7 MW/m²
Statusrequirement; no spec exists (B30)
Straight answersThe end-wall load follows from the frozen axial power and 53x expansion (B30); no end-expander spec exists yet, so the heat-handling design is scoped against these figures and carried openly as a stretch.
Kronos is the fusion company that shows its work. Every figure here traces to the openly deposited Kronos simulation programme and design-point records (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us. — All whitepapers
Conceptual design and simulation study; no machine has been built. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates named in the text; superseded values are kept in the record with era labels. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Inc. · Los Angeles, California.
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