KRONOS FUSION ENERGYWHITEPAPER 048 / 104
Low-Neutron by Design

Tuning the Neutron Output From the Fuel Line

The burner's neutron production is set decades in advance, at the fuel mix — and it is adjustable.

How many neutrons the burner makes is chosen at the fuel line. On the locked closing config the design mix is x=0.30 (f_n 5.44%); shifting to x=0.35 cleans it to 4.18% while staying net-positive. Neutron output is a knob, and the design turned it down.

The science

Neutrons in the burner come from D-D side reactions and the secondary D-T burn. Fewer deuterium-deuterium encounters means fewer neutrons, so a helium-3-richer mix is a quieter mix. Across the closure window x_He3 ∈ [0.20, ~0.43] the neutron fraction falls from 9.53% to 2.77%; the design point sits at x=0.30 (5.44%), with a free clean-shift to x=0.35 (4.18%). Beyond ~0.43 the machine no longer closes.

Why it matters

A designer who can trade neutron output against fuel demand can place the machine wherever the mission needs it. The published trade curve makes that a transparent engineering choice, not a hidden assumption.

The numbers

Neutron knobhelium-3 fraction x_He3 (locked config)
Design point x=0.30f_n 5.44%
Free clean-shift x=0.35f_n 4.18% (net-positive)
Closure windowx in [0.20, ~0.43], f_n 9.53% -> 2.77%
Above ~0.43does not close
Straight answersThe fuel-mix knob trades neutrons against fuel demand across the frozen closure window (M-46); the design point 0.30 is a chosen balance with the full curve deposited. Reaching net electricity still requires the end-plug density (M-47), not demonstrated.
Kronos is the fusion company that shows its work. Every figure here traces to the openly deposited Kronos simulation programme and design-point records (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us. — All whitepapers
Conceptual design and simulation study; no machine has been built. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates named in the text; superseded values are kept in the record with era labels. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Inc. · Los Angeles, California.
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