KRONOS FUSION ENERGYWHITEPAPER 044 / 104
Low-Neutron by Design

The Neutron Fraction Is Not a Fuel Constant

How neutronic the burner is depends on how well it confines — a coupling most models miss entirely.

The burner's neutron fraction is not a fixed property of its fuel. Computed from cross sections with every reaction channel, it is 5.44% at the locked design point and varies with the fuel mix and confinement — from 9.53% at the x=0.20 floor to 2.77% at the clean edge — because tritium burnup, and therefore neutron output, scales with both.

The science

The prior evaluator carried the neutron fraction as a constant, 4.8%. Recomputed from the stored cross sections with all D-D channels and the secondary D-T burn, it is not constant at all: better confinement means longer particle residence, more tritium burnup, and more neutrons. The fraction moves from 1% to 17.3% across the 51,840-point scan.

Why it matters

This is a real, counterintuitive coupling: a design that improves confinement makes itself more neutronic. A model with a constant neutron fraction cannot see it. Publishing the coupling is what lets the shielding and materials cases be sized to the operating point rather than to an average.

The numbers

Design-point neutron fraction5.44% (locked config)
Fuel-mix range9.53% (x=0.20) -> 2.77% (clean edge)
Drivertritium burnup ~ confinement + fuel mix
Prior modelconstant 4.8% (superseded)
Free clean-shift4.18% at x=0.35
Straight answersThe neutron fraction is a computed, confinement- and mix-coupled quantity, not a fuel constant; the design-point value is 5.44% and the trajectory is published so the coupling is visible rather than averaged away.
Kronos is the fusion company that shows its work. Every figure here traces to the openly deposited Kronos simulation programme and design-point records (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us. — All whitepapers
Conceptual design and simulation study; no machine has been built. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates named in the text; superseded values are kept in the record with era labels. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Inc. · Los Angeles, California.
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