KRONOS FUSION ENERGYWHITEPAPER 043 / 104
Low-Neutron by Design

Low-Neutron, Never Aneutronic: A Few Percent Is Small and It Is Not Zero

The burner's fuel is quiet, not silent — and the language stays honest about the difference.

The burner's D-3He cycle sends 5.44% of its power out as neutrons at the locked design point. That is roughly an order of magnitude below a D-T plant — genuinely low-neutron — but it is not zero, and Kronos never calls it aneutronic. The mandatory descriptor is low-neutron; the word matters as much as the number.

The science

D-3He's primary reaction is neutron-free, but unavoidable deuterium-deuterium side reactions and a secondary D-T burn leave a residual neutron budget: a frozen 5.44% of fusion power at the design point (helium-3 fraction 0.30). Running richer cleans it further — 4.18% at x=0.35 — but true near-aneutronic operation (x ≥ 0.45) breaks closure and needs a different machine. 'Aneutronic' would imply zero; the real figure is small, finite, and engineered for.

Why it matters

Overclaiming 'aneutronic' is a credibility trap the field has fallen into before. By fixing the mandatory term at 'low-neutron' and printing the percentage, the burner's shielding, activation, and maintenance stories all rest on the true number rather than on a marketing word.

The numbers

Neutron fraction (design point)5.44% of fusion power (M-43 restated)
At x=0.35 clean-shift4.18%
Versus D-T~order of magnitude lower
Mandatory descriptorlow-neutron (never aneutronic)
Near-aneutronic (x >= 0.45)needs a redesigned machine
Straight answers'Aneutronic' appears in the record only as a quoted historical term, immediately corrected. The frozen descriptor is low-neutron: 5.44% is small, and it is not zero.
Kronos is the fusion company that shows its work. Every figure here traces to the openly deposited Kronos simulation programme and design-point records (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us. — All whitepapers
Conceptual design and simulation study; no machine has been built. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates named in the text; superseded values are kept in the record with era labels. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Inc. · Los Angeles, California.
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