KRONOS FUSION ENERGYWHITEPAPER 039 / 104
The Burner — Aegis & MetroVolt

An Interior Optimum: Ion Temperature at 80-100 keV

The burner's ion temperature has a real peak, not a monotone trend — and the design sits on it.

The burner runs at an ion temperature of 100 keV, near a genuine interior optimum in the 80-100 keV band. Higher is not simply better: reactivity rises with temperature while the confining potential relative to it falls, so confinement degrades. The design sits on the balance.

The science

Two effects compete. Fusion reactivity climbs with ion temperature, favoring hotter plasma. But the confining potential ratio phi_i/T_i falls as T_i rises, degrading confinement. The product has a maximum in the 80-100 keV range — a real optimum, computed, not a monotone push toward higher temperature.

Why it matters

Finding and sitting on an interior optimum, rather than assuming hotter is always better, is the kind of result that only falls out of a self-consistent solve. It also means the operating window is two-sided in temperature, which is friendlier to control.

The numbers

Ion temperature T_i100 keV
Optimum band80-100 keV (interior)
Rises with T_ireactivity
Falls with T_iconfining ratio phi_i/T_i
Window70-120 keV within 10% of reference
Straight answersThe optimum is a computed interior maximum, not an assumed ceiling; the design sits on it, and the two-sided window is published in the sensitivity ranking.
Kronos is the fusion company that shows its work. Every figure here traces to the openly deposited Kronos simulation programme and design-point records (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us. — All whitepapers
Conceptual design and simulation study; no machine has been built. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates named in the text; superseded values are kept in the record with era labels. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Inc. · Los Angeles, California.
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