KRONOS FUSION ENERGYWHITEPAPER 038 / 104
The Burner — Aegis & MetroVolt

The Fuel Mix Is a Neutron Knob — and the Machine Gets Cleaner With Time

Raising the helium-3 fraction cuts neutron output ~4x across the closure window — and one step is free in gain.

The burner's helium-3 fraction is a lever on neutron production, computed on the locked closing config. Across the closure window x_He3 ∈ [0.20, ~0.43] the neutron fraction falls about 3.4-fold, from 9.53% at the x=0.20 floor to 2.77% at the clean edge. So as lunar helium-3 matures, the same machine can be run measurably cleaner over its life.

The science

A higher helium-3 fraction means fewer D-D reactions, the neutron source, so the neutron fraction falls steeply while gain stays strong. On the locked config (n_p/n_c=16): the x=0.30 design point runs f_n 5.44% at Q_E 1.31; shifting to x=0.35 cleans it to f_n 4.18% while staying net-positive — the FREE clean-shift. Below x=0.20 and above ~0.43 the machine no longer closes; true near-aneutronic operation (x ≥ 0.45) needs a redesigned machine, not just more fuel.

Why it matters

The mix is a tuned operating choice, not luck, and it improves with the fuel supply: a leaner helium-3 fraction burns less scarce fuel but makes more neutrons, a richer one does the reverse — up to the closure edge. Publishing the whole trajectory, and naming the free clean-shift on it, makes the burner's low-neutron character a design decision the reader can second-guess.

The numbers

Leverhelium-3 fraction x_He3 (locked config)
Closure windowx in [0.20, ~0.43]
x=0.30 design pointf_n 5.44%, Q_E 1.31
x=0.35 free clean-shiftf_n 4.18% (still net-positive)
x >= 0.45closure lost; needs a REDESIGN
Straight answersThe trajectory is computed on the locked closing config (M-46, burner_closure_table); the free clean-shift to x=0.35 and the loss of closure below 0.20 / above ~0.43 are frozen. Reaching net electricity anywhere in the window still requires the plug-density condition (M-47), not demonstrated.
Kronos is the fusion company that shows its work. Every figure here traces to the openly deposited Kronos simulation programme and design-point records (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us. — All whitepapers
Conceptual design and simulation study; no machine has been built. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates named in the text; superseded values are kept in the record with era labels. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Inc. · Los Angeles, California.
← Back to the whitepaper library