KRONOS FUSION ENERGYWHITEPAPER 037 / 104
The Burner — Aegis & MetroVolt

The Closure Window: Helium-3 Fraction 0.20 to 0.43

There is a fuel-mix window in which the burner closes — bounded on both sides, and published.

On the locked closing config the burner closes across a helium-3 fraction window of about 0.20 to 0.43. Below 0.20 the charged-power budget cannot fund the end losses; above ~0.43 the fuel no longer reacts hard enough. The design point sits inside it at x = 0.30. The window is a computed result, stated as one.

The science

Sweeping the helium-3 fraction at the closing plug ratio (n_p/n_c=16), the machine is net-positive from about x=0.20 to x=0.43, with the design point at x=0.30 giving Q_E 1.31. Across the window the neutron fraction falls from 9.53% to 2.77%. Above ~0.43 the reaction rate drops too far and closure is lost — a redesigned machine, not a fuel change, would be needed for near-aneutronic operation.

Why it matters

A published closure window tells a fuel planner exactly how helium-3-rich the mix must be, and tells a physicist exactly which mixes to test. It is the fuel-side companion to the plug-density requirement on the confinement side.

The numbers

Closure windowx_He3 in [0.20, ~0.43]
Design pointx_He3 0.30 (Q_E 1.31)
Neutron fraction across window9.53% -> 2.77%
Above ~0.43closure lost (redesign needed)
Also requiredplug density ratio ~16 (not demonstrated)
Straight answersThe closure window is a computed fuel-mix result on the locked config (M-46); reaching net electricity also requires the end-plug density (M-47), which is specified, not demonstrated. Both conditions must hold. Earlier x≥0.15 / Q_E 1.191 numbers are WITHDRAWN.
Kronos is the fusion company that shows its work. Every figure here traces to the openly deposited Kronos simulation programme and design-point records (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us. — All whitepapers
Conceptual design and simulation study; no machine has been built. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates named in the text; superseded values are kept in the record with era labels. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Inc. · Los Angeles, California.
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