KRONOS FUSION ENERGYWHITEPAPER 024 / 104
The Burner — Aegis & MetroVolt

The One Number That Decides Closure: Plug Density Ratio

Not field, not size, not fuel mix — the burner's fate rests on the end-plug density ratio.

The burner's closing point rests on one condition above all others: the end-plug density must reach n_p/n_c ≈ 16. That is a plug density of 4.16×10²¹ per cubic metre — about 347 times what the GDT mirror experiment has measured, and 26 times the best published mirror design. It is the single binding requirement, and it is specified, not demonstrated.

The science

Mirror confinement is set by the confining electrostatic potential, which scales with the logarithm of the plug-to-central density ratio through Pastukhov theory. At the reference ratio of 10 the machine does not close (Q_E 0.63, net -160 MWe); at n_p/n_c=16 it reaches the locked Q_E 1.31. Getting there needs a plug density 347× above GDT-measured — the largest open item in the whole design (H53).

Why it matters

Naming one number, in one component, that one experiment must eventually demonstrate is the most useful thing a design study can do. The burner does not spread its risk across a dozen soft assumptions; it concentrates it in a single requirement and states plainly that the requirement is not yet met.

The numbers

Binding parameterend-plug density ratio n_p/n_c
Closing value~16 (Q_E 1.31)
Reference n_p/n_c=10does NOT close (Q_E 0.63, -160 MWe)
Plug density needed4.16×10²¹ m⁻³ = 347× GDT / 26× best mirror
Statusrequirement-class, not demonstrated (M-47)
Straight answersThe plug density ratio is specified as a requirement, not a demonstrated capability: ~16 implies a plug density 347× above GDT-measured. This is the design's single largest open item (H53), named and handed to the next track — not booked as solved.
Kronos is the fusion company that shows its work. Every figure here traces to the openly deposited Kronos simulation programme and design-point records (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us. — All whitepapers
Conceptual design and simulation study; no machine has been built. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates named in the text; superseded values are kept in the record with era labels. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Inc. · Los Angeles, California.
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