Topological Qubits

A hardware-level approach to error resistance — storing information non-locally so that local noise can't easily corrupt it.

In brief

• Encode information in non-local (topological) degrees of freedom.
• Aim for intrinsic protection against local errors.
• Still experimental; materials and readout are hard.
• Also require deep cryogenics.

The detail

Topological qubits seek to bake error protection into the physics itself, potentially reducing the overhead of error correction. The approach is promising but unproven at scale, and — like the others — lives in the millikelvin regime.