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AI Architecture › L1 · Control Plane
L1 · Control Plane

L1 · Control Plane

Edge FPGA microsecond-determinism, hard real-time actuation, and the autonomous hardware failsafe.

THE STACK · click to jumpL7Ecosystem & StrategyL6Experience & VisualizationL5Applications & CopilotsL4OrchestrationL3Twin Modeling & AIL2Data FabricL1Control PlaneL0Foundation▲tlmctl▼L1 · CONTROL PLANEHard real-time actuation and the autonomous failsafe.1Edge FPGAµs-determinism2Real-Time Actuationcoils · heating · fuel3Hardware Failsafeautonomous trip4Sync Gatephase-locked timing5Signal I/OADC / DAC6Watchdogliveness & interlocksMACHINE TIEDrives magnets, ice-piston, and gas puff on the sub-10 µs loop.KRONOS FUSION ENERGYAI-NATIVE S.M.A.R.T. GENERATORCONTROL PLANESHEET 03REV. 2026-08L1 · AI-NATIVE STACK
L1 · Control Plane — its place in the stack (left, click any layer) and its internal components (right). Telemetry rises; control descends.

What this layer does

Edge FPGA microsecond-determinism, hard real-time actuation, and the autonomous hardware failsafe. Every page in this section is part of the same control stack — click any card to go deeper, or return to the Master Blueprint to see how it connects.

Explore this layer

Actuator Command ArbitrationAmbipolar Potential ControlBeam Notching for Fast ProtectionClock Distribution and SynchronizationCoil Power-Supply Switching ControlControl Safety Integrity LevelsControl-Plane Isolation and IntegrityDEC Collector-Grid Voltage ModulationDEC Fault Ride-ThroughDEC Grid Modulation LoopDeterminism vs LearningDeterministic I/O Through Cryo-Rated FeedthroughsDeterministic Network FabricDeterministic Vacuum InterlocksDiagnostics Constellation TimingDisruption Avoidance ActuationDisruption Mitigation InjectionDivertor and Expander ControlELM-Free Regime ControlEdge FPGA Microsecond-Deterministic ActuationEnd-Plug Density ControlFPGA Fabric SelectionFPGA vs CPU vs GPU for ControlFail-Safe vs Fail-OperationalFuel-Cycle Isotope BalancingGas-Puffing Servo ValvesHard Real-Time BoundsHardware-in-the-Loop CommissioningHigh-Bandwidth State-Vector IngressICE-PISTON Preload ControlInterlock Logic HardwareL1 Control Plane Architecture OverviewMPC to FPGA Command HandoffMagnet Delta-T Quench PrecursorMulti-Modal DEC Train ControlNeutral-Beam Injection ActuatorPF Shaping Coils and Negative TriangularityPLC Deterministic ControlsPellet Injection TimingPlasma Current FeedbackPlasma-Facing Thermal-Protection LoopQuench Detection HardwareREBCO Strain and Quench SensingRadial Position ControlReal-Time Compute ActuatorsReal-Time Equilibrium ReconstructionReal-Time Linux vs FPGAShape Control: Negative TriangularityStructural Health Monitoring LoopSynchronized Actuation GatesThe Autonomous Hardware FailsafeThe L1 to L2/L3 BoundaryThe Sensor-to-Actuator PipelineThe Sub-10-Microsecond Command BoundaryTiming Budgets and JitterTriple-Modular Redundancy and VotingVOx Quench-Bypass DumpVertical Stability ControlWatchdog Timers and HeartbeatsWorst-Case Execution Time (WCET)
Content reviewed August 2026 · design-and-simulation stage