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Publication series 4 — Programme & Trust

Regulated Like Fusion, Not Fission: The 2026 Framework

For the first time in the industry's history, the licensing path matches the physics.

The U.S. fusion-specific regulatory framework (Federal Register 91(38), February 26, 2026) regulates fusion machines under the byproduct-materials regime — a risk-informed path built for what fusion actually is, and one that fits MetroVolt unusually well.

The science

Fission licensing exists because of criticality, meltdown decay heat, and bulk actinide inventories; fusion has none of the three, and now the rulebook says so. Under the framework, the licensing conversation centers on the actual source terms: tritium inventory, activation products, and effluents.

That is where MetroVolt's fuel choice compounds: sub-kilogram site tritium (a design rule), ~25× lower structural activation than a D-T comparator, a low-level-waste decommissioning pathway, and a 5.25% neutron budget shrinking the shielding and dose analysis the application must carry. The series maps each source term to its deposited analysis.

Why it matters

Regulatory schedule is a first-order cost driver for any first-of-a-kind plant. A byproduct-materials path, entered with the smallest source terms in the fusion field and an auditable analysis behind each one, is a licensing story measured in years — not the decade-class sagas that priced fission out of new builds.

The numbers

FrameworkFederal Register 91(38), 26 Feb 2026
Regimebyproduct materials (risk-informed)
MetroVolt source terms<1 kg T · ~25× lower activation · LLW path
Neutron budget entering analysis5.25%
Basiseach source term → deposited analysis
Straight answersFramework implementation and state-agreement details continue to evolve; the series cites the rule as published and keeps MetroVolt's source-term analyses independent of any particular implementation outcome.
Every figure in this paper traces to the openly deposited 81-simulation programme (S01–S81) behind the Kronos MetroVolt four-paper design series — data and code at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21248916 (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us.
Kronos MetroVolt is a conceptual design study. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates stated in the series; Tier-2 flagship-code confirmations are deposited as runnable decks pending HPC execution. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Los Angeles.