KRONOS FUSION ENERGYWHITEPAPER 21 / 40
Publication series 2 — Energy & Product

Under One Kilogram: Tritium-Lean by Design

The isotope that dominates fusion licensing is a trace species in this plant.

MetroVolt caps per-site tritium inventory below one kilogram and consumes bred tritium internally as fuel-cycle feedstock. That single design rule reshapes safety analysis, licensing posture, and neighborhood conversations alike.

The science

D-T plants must breed, extract, purify, and store tritium at multi-kilogram site inventories — the defining radiological source term of mainstream fusion. MetroVolt's D-³He cycle produces tritium only as a D-D side product; the staged fuel management burns it (catalysed operation) or holds it briefly as it decays into the very helium-3 the plant wants. The sub-kilogram cap is a designed operating rule of the fuel cycle, enforced by its own mass-balance ledger, deposited and plotted.

Less inventory means smaller source terms in accident analyses, lighter confinement engineering, and a licensing conversation about a bounded trace species rather than a bulk process stream.

Why it matters

Communities and regulators price the worst case. A plant whose entire site inventory of the mobile radioisotope is bounded below a kilogram — and falls with time by decay into fuel — starts that conversation from a categorically different place than a breeding-blanket plant. Tritium-lean is not just physics elegance; it is time-to-permit.

The numbers

Per-site tritium cap< 1 kg (design rule)
Breeding blanketnone — no bulk tritium process stream
Bred tritium fateburned / decays to ³He fuel
Basisfuel-cycle mass balance, deposited
Licensing posturetrace-species source term
Straight answersThe cap is a design rule verified in simulation ledgers; operational tritium accountancy at plant scale remains an engineering-execution item and is scoped as such in the series.
Every figure in this paper traces to the openly deposited 81-simulation programme (S01–S81) behind the Kronos MetroVolt four-paper design series — data and code at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21248916 (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us.
Kronos MetroVolt is a conceptual design study. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates stated in the series; Tier-2 flagship-code confirmations are deposited as runnable decks pending HPC execution. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Los Angeles.