KRONOS FUSION ENERGYWHITEPAPER 20 / 40
Publication series 2 — Energy & Product

Fuel for Decades: The Helium-3 Supply Strategy

The rarest input in the plant is managed like what it is — a strategic commodity with a staged plan.

A MetroVolt fleet runs on helium-3, and the series treats supply as an engineering system, not a hand-wave: measured consumption, staged sources, and an in-plant contribution computed against its own fuel cycle.

The science

A unit consumes helium-3 at reactor scale (fleet planning uses ≈90 kg/yr class figures at full buildout in the series' economics). Sources are staged: terrestrial tritium-decay stockpiles (³He accrues at 0.42 liters per gram of tritium per year — the series' corrected, deposited figure), D-D-derived breeding inside the staged fuel cycle itself, and market/strategic reserves. The self-supply fraction is computed honestly: f_self ≈ 0.34 rising toward 0.48 across the staging, with the in-situ supply trajectory plotted from the deposited fuel-cycle integrator.

The series is blunt where it must be: prompt in-plant breeding at ratio ≥1 does not close (§3.5 computes it negative) — self-sufficiency is partial by physics, which is exactly why the supply strategy is staged and external sourcing is a permanent line item.

Why it matters

Fuel security is a solvable procurement problem when consumption is honest and sources are plural. The plan's shape — stockpile decay + partial self-breeding + reserves — is resilient to any single source disappointing, and every input to that plan is deposited where a fuel buyer can audit it.

The numbers

Decay sourcing0.42 L ³He / g tritium / yr (deposited)
Self-supply fractionf_self ≈ 0.34 → 0.48 (staged)
Prompt breeding ≥ 1?no — computed negative, stated (§3.5)
Fleet-scale demand class≈90 kg/yr at buildout
Strategystockpiles + partial self-breeding + reserves
Straight answersHelium-3 markets at fleet scale do not exist yet; the series prices supply as a constraint and publishes the fuel-cycle integrator so the sensitivity is anyone's to compute.
Every figure in this paper traces to the openly deposited 81-simulation programme (S01–S81) behind the Kronos MetroVolt four-paper design series — data and code at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21248916 (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us.
Kronos MetroVolt is a conceptual design study. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates stated in the series; Tier-2 flagship-code confirmations are deposited as runnable decks pending HPC execution. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Los Angeles.