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Publication series 1 — The Machine

Turbulence, Priced: The Gyrokinetic Case and the Runs That Will Test It

We modeled the hardest physics with the honest tools — and deposited the decks for the harder ones.

Whether MetroVolt's core holds heat comes down to microturbulence. The series builds its case in tiers: reduced-order gyrofluid physics computed everywhere, and full nonlinear gyrokinetic decks (CGYRO) frozen, documented, and waiting on supercomputer time.

The science

Tier-1 analyses use TGLF-class quasi-linear transport with the frozen profiles: they identify the ion-temperature-gradient branch as the governing mode, show the near-thermal baseline (Ti/Te → 1) raising the ITG threshold ≈1.3× over the hot-ion case, and find density peaking at Greenwald fraction ≈1.15 stabilizing the trapped-electron branch. The series is explicit that TGLF is not a nonlinear simulation — that distinction is written into the register.

Tier-2 is the test: deposited CGYRO input decks (S13) with acceptance criteria pre-registered, so when HPC allocations run them, pass/fail was defined before the answer existed.

Why it matters

Confinement is our named bet, and this is its audit trail. Pre-registered acceptance criteria mean the community — not our marketing — grades the result. That structure converts a physics risk into a scheduled, third-party-checkable milestone.

The numbers

Governing instabilityITG branch (TGLF-class, Tier-1)
Near-thermal advantageITG threshold ≈1.3× higher at Ti/Te → 1
TEM stabilizerdensity peaking at f_GW ≈ 1.15
Tier-2 testnonlinear CGYRO decks (S13), pre-registered
Statusdecks deposited, pending HPC execution
Straight answersNo nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation of the MetroVolt core exists yet — the series says so in plain words. The deposited S13 decks are the outstanding confirmation, and the H98 gate depends on them.
Every figure in this paper traces to the openly deposited 81-simulation programme (S01–S81) behind the Kronos MetroVolt four-paper design series — data and code at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21248916 (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us.
Kronos MetroVolt is a conceptual design study. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates stated in the series; Tier-2 flagship-code confirmations are deposited as runnable decks pending HPC execution. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Los Angeles.