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Publication series 1 — The Machine

Not a Knife-Edge: MetroVolt's Operating Window

A physics demonstration needs one good shot. A power plant needs room to breathe.

We mapped every combination of density and temperature around the frozen point — 667 coupled evaluations per posture through the full eight-constraint systems code (S80). The answer: 36% of the scanned plane runs the plant at positive net power.

The science

Below the design point, the window is wide: density can fall 37% and ion temperature 38% before the plant stops closing — it degrades gracefully, shedding output rather than tripping a cliff. Above the point, the story is one-sided: MetroVolt rides the no-wall β limit, so there is no headroom at βN = 4.5. The wall-stabilised limit (βN = 5.0, adjudicated by the deposited MHD decks S22/S25) opens +10% density room above the point.

The near-thermal posture fails this particular 0-D gate everywhere on the plane — a convention gap the study reports rather than hides: its feasibility rests on the profile-resolved accounting, and its break-even H98 (2.24 at the deposited 42 keV reference) is computed and emitted, not asserted.

Why it matters

Operators buy windows, not points. A −37%/−38% graceful envelope means startup, ramp, and off-normal operation have somewhere to live; a mapped edge means control systems know exactly which boundary they defend. Publishing the one-sided upside is the marketing: it tells sophisticated readers we measured our room instead of imagining it.

The numbers

Feasible fraction of scanned plane36% (with P_net > 0)
Graceful room below point−37% density / −38% temperature
Upside at no-wall limitnone (βN binding)
Upside with wall stabilization+10% density (βN 5.0)
Grid29 × 23 = 667 evaluations / posture
Straight answersS80 is a design-space study: it explores around the frozen point and does not alter it. The wall-stabilised upside inherits the rotation/kinetic-RWM requirements of S22/S25.
Every figure in this paper traces to the openly deposited 81-simulation programme (S01–S81) behind the Kronos MetroVolt four-paper design series — data and code at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21248916 (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us.
Kronos MetroVolt is a conceptual design study. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates stated in the series; Tier-2 flagship-code confirmations are deposited as runnable decks pending HPC execution. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Los Angeles.