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Series A — The Machine

Not a Knife-Edge: MetroVolt's Operating Window

See it live in the 3D Model →

A physics demonstration needs one good shot. A power plant needs room to breathe.

We mapped every combination of density and temperature around the frozen point — 667 coupled evaluations per posture through the full eight-constraint systems code (S80/S76 coupled chain). The answer: at the ratified near-thermal Mode-D envelope, 21% of the scanned plane runs the plant at positive net power (the retired hot-ion-era postures had spanned 46–52%).

The science

Below the design point, the window is wide: density can fall 37% and ion temperature 38% before the plant stops closing — it degrades gracefully, shedding output rather than tripping a cliff. Above the point, the story is one-sided: Mode D rides the wall-stabilised βN = 5.0 envelope (S79, with the MHD decks S22/S25) at βN = 4.96 — the binding margin above the operating point is about 1%, and wall stabilization is required (no-wall operation gives no headroom at all).

The closure is profile-resolved, not asserted: the break-even H98 requirement (2.28 at the 48 keV operating reference; 2.38 on the 85:15 banking leg) is computed and emitted by the deposited chain (S76/KX-1D), and the 21% window is what survives all eight constraints simultaneously.

Why it matters

Operators buy windows, not points. A −37%/−38% graceful envelope means startup, ramp, and off-normal operation have somewhere to live; a mapped edge means control systems know exactly which boundary they defend. Publishing the one-sided upside is the marketing: it tells sophisticated readers we measured our room instead of imagining it.

The numbers

Feasible fraction of scanned plane21% (P_net > 0, βN ≤ 5.0)
Graceful room below point−37% density / −38% temperature
Upside at no-wall limitnone (wall stabilization required, S79)
Margin to the βN 5.0 envelope≈ 1% (binding)
Grid29 × 23 = 667 evaluations / posture
Straight answersS80 is a design-space study: it explores around the frozen point and does not alter it. The wall-stabilised upside inherits the rotation/kinetic-RWM requirements of S22/S25.
Run the physics yourself. The live simulation companion runs the deposited equations in your browser — no install, same coefficients: kronosfusionenergy.com/Physics_Validation_Simulation.
Every figure in this paper traces to the openly deposited 81-simulation programme (S01–S81) behind the Kronos MetroVolt design paper — data and code at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21746479 (CC BY 4.0). Read the series, run the code, check us.
Kronos MetroVolt is a conceptual design study. Quantitative values are simulation-derived and carry the feasibility gates stated in the series; Tier-2 flagship-code confirmations are deposited as runnable decks pending HPC execution. This document is informational and is not an offer of securities. © 2026 Kronos Fusion Energy, Los Angeles.